Ko e veapa faka-Tonga’ mo e veape ‘Ingilisi’

Ki mu’a ‘a hono fakahinohino atu ‘a e anga hono ngāue’aki ‘a e ‘ekisasaisi mei he vitiō mo e fakamatala ‘oku tupu ai ho’o a’u mai ki he peesi ko ‘eni’, ‘oku mahu’inga ke tau ‘uluaki lavelave ki he fakamatala fakaikiiki ange mo mahu’inga kau ki he veape’.  Ko e veape’ ‘oku ‘uhinga ki he ngāue mo hono taimi fakahoko ‘oku talanoa ki ai ha sētesi pe kupu’i sētesi. Ko e ‘uhinga ia ‘oku fa’a ui faka-Tonga ai ko e lea ngāue’ hange ko e lea ko e ‘alu, lele, sio mo e tangi.

Ko hono ngāue’aki  ha sīpinga pe pēteni pau pe mōtolo ke tokoni ki hono fakahinohino fānau’ ko ha founga fakafaiako angamaheni ia kuo fakamo’oni’i ‘a hono lelei ki he vave ‘a hono ma’u ‘e he taha ako’ ‘a e mahino’. Te tau ngāue’aki ia ki  hono ako’i ko ‘eni ‘o e veape’. ‘E ngāue’aki heni ‘a e pēteni ko e Veape Faka’ilonga Taimi. ‘Oku fakahingoa ‘a e pēteni ko ‘eni’ fakatatau ki he pau ke  tu’u fakataha pe tu’u kehekehe kae fekau’aki  ‘a e lea faka’ilonga taimi’ mo e veape’ ‘i he lea faka-Tonga’ pea mo e lea ‘Ingilisi’  he taimi ‘e ni’ihi. Ka ‘oku makehe ‘a e veape ‘Ingilisi’  he ‘oku lahi tala hono taimi fakahoko’ ‘ona ‘e he feliliuaki ‘a hono sipela’. Hangē ko ‘eni. ‘I he lea faka-Tonga’ ka tu’u ‘a e fo’i lea faka’ilonga taimi lolotonga ko e ‘oku ‘i mu’a he veape’ pea ‘e mahino ko e veape ia ‘oku taimi koeni. Hangē ko ‘eni: ‘Oku ngāue pe work pe works ‘i he lea ‘Ingilisi’. ‘A ia ‘i he veape taimi koeni pe lolotonga lōtaha pe simple present tense ‘o e ‘Ingilisi’ ‘oku ‘ikai ha lea faka’ilonga taimi ia ke tu’u ‘i mu’a ‘i he veape ko eni’ ke ‘ilo mei ai e taimi fakahoko ‘o e lea ngāue’. Ko hono tala ‘o na e taimi ‘o e veape’ ‘Ingilisi ko eni’ ‘oku tala ia mei he sipela ‘o e veape’. Fakatatā: works or work, ‘oku tala mai ‘e hono tānaki ‘o e s ki he sipela ‘o e work ‘o works ‘i he ‘Ingilisi’, oku taimi koeni pe lolotonga ‘a e work.  Pea kapau ‘e ‘ikai tānaki ‘a e s kae tu’u pe fo’i lea ko e work ‘iate ia pe, pea ‘oku toe taimi koeni mo ia. Taimi tatau  ko e veape taimi kaha’u ‘i he lea ‘Ingilisi’ ‘oku ‘i ai hono faka’ilonga taimi ‘ona ‘a ia ko e will ‘o tatau ia moe lea faka’ilonga taimi faka-Tonga ko e ‘e mo e te. Fakatātā: Will go, ‘i he faka-Tonga’, ‘e ‘alu.

‘Oku ‘i ai mo e ngaahi tokoni veape ‘i he lea ‘Ingilisi te nau uesia ‘a hono sipela ‘o e  veape’ tu’unga hono taimi’. Hangē ko ‘eni: is walking. Ko e tokoni veape ko e is ‘oku’ ne faka’ilonga mai ‘a e taimi lolotonga, taimi tatau ‘e tānaki ki he veape lōtaha pe simple present tense ko e walk ‘a e ing. Ko e taimi haohaoa ‘i he ‘Ingilisi’ ‘oku tala ia ‘e he ngaahi tokoni veape ko e has/have mo e had pea ‘e toe liliu foki mo e sipela ‘o e veape ‘Ingilisi’ heni. Hangē ko ‘eni: has gone (go), have tried (try), mo e had sung (sing).

‘Oku ngāue’aki ‘e he Akoola’ ‘a e lea ko e taimi koeni ke ‘uhinga ki he present tense ‘i he lea ‘Ingilisi’. Neongo kuo angamaheni ke ngāue’aki e lea ko e  taimi lolotonga ki he present tense, ka ‘oku mau fili ‘a e taimi koeni  kae ngāue’aki ‘a e taimi lolotonga’ ki he continuous tense. Ko e feinga pe ke fakasi’isi’i ha filingaua ‘a e fakamatala ‘e fai ki he fānau’.  Ko e taimi pe ‘oku tau talanoa veape ai, ‘e mahu’inga  ke tau talanoa ki hono taimi  fakahoko’. ‘Oku fā ‘a e taimi tefito ‘e ala hoko ai ha veape ‘a ia ko e taimi koeni (present tense), taimi kuo ‘osi (past tense), taimi haohaoa (perfect tense) mo e taimi kaha’u (future tense). ‘I he lea faka-Tonga’ ko e taimi koeni’ ‘oku tala ia ‘e he lea faka’ilonga taimi ko e ‘oku. Ko e taimi kuo ‘osi’ ‘oku tala ia ‘e he lea faka’ilonga taimi ko e na’e mo e na’a. Ko e taimi haohaoa’ ‘oku tala ia ‘e he lea ko e kuo, pea ‘i he taimi kaha’u’ ‘oku tala ia ‘e he lea ko e ‘e pe te. ‘I he lea ‘Ingilisi’ ‘oku tala e taimi ‘o e veape’ ‘e hono sipela’ hangē ko e walk / walks ‘oku taimi koeni, walked ko e taimi kuo ‘osi, has/have/had walked ko e taimi haohaoa pea will walk ko taimi kaha’u.

Lea ‘Ingilisi mo e lea faka-Tonga

‘Oku ua ‘etau lea’ ‘a ia ko e lea faka-Tonga mo e lea ‘Ingilisi. ‘E lelei lahi ke ako’i fakataha ma’u pe kinaua. Pea ‘i hono ako’i ‘a e veape’ ‘e mahu’inga ke tau muimui ‘i he fakahinohino ko ‘ena ‘i ‘olunga’. Ako’i ‘a e veape fakapalangi’ ‘i hono fōtunga, ‘a ia ‘e fakalahi pe fakasi’isi’i pe liliu ‘a hono sipela’ fakatatau ki he taimi fakahoko ‘o e veape’. Ko e  veape faka-Tonga’  ‘oku tu’u ma’u ‘a hono sipela’ ‘ona kae feliliuaki ‘a e lea faka’ilonga taimi ‘oku na ō fakataha’. ‘Oku mahu’inga ‘aupito ke ako’i kakato ‘a e veape’ ‘o faka’asi kotoa ‘a honau fōtunga’ ‘i he taimi ‘oku’ te fakamatala ai ki he fānau’.

Fakamatala ki he fānau’

Ko ha fakatātā eni ‘o ha’o fakamatala’i ‘a e   veape taimi koeni’ ki ho’o fānau’: ‘Oku ‘alu. ‘I he ‘Ingilisi’ go or goes. Ko e taimi pe ‘oku ‘asi ai ha fo’i veape ‘Ingilisi, ‘e lelei ke nau fakakaukau faka-Tonga ‘o kapau ‘oku’ ke mahu’inga’ia ‘i he’etau lea faka-Tonga’. ‘Oku makatu’unga ‘eni he tui ‘e ‘ikai lava ke tau fakamāvae’i ‘etau fānau Tonga’ mei he pau ke ako’i kinautolu ke sai ‘enau lea, tohi mo e mahino ‘i he lea ‘Ingilisi’.  ‘A ia ‘i hono ako’i ‘o e veape’, kuo pau ke ako’i ke mahino kiate kinautolu ‘a e  fakakaukau faka-Tonga ‘o e veape’ kuopau ke mu’omu’a ‘a e faka’ilonga taimi ‘e faa’: ‘oku, na’e pe na’a, kuo mo e ‘e pe te ‘i he veape’ pe lea ngāue’. ‘Oku mahu’inga ke ‘oua ‘e faka-Tonga’i ‘a e veape’ ‘iate ia pe  hange ko e walk pea fa’a faka-Tonga’i pe ia ko e ‘alu. ‘Ai ke kakato ‘aki hono tānaki hono faka’ilonga taimi ‘i mu’a ‘o pehē ‘oku ‘alu. Te tau talanoa ‘amui ange ki he mahu’inga ‘a e fakaukau ko ‘eni kuo fokotu’u atu’ ki he ako lea faka-Tonga ‘a ho’o fānau’ tautefito ki muli’ ni ‘a e pau ke ako’i ke fakakaukau faka-Tonga pea toe fakakaukau faka-Pilitānia.

Fakatātā eni ‘o e veape faka’ilonga taimi kuo ‘osi ko e na’e’: Na’e ‘alu. Fakatokanga’i ange ‘oku ‘i ai ‘a e lēsoni kehe ‘oku talanoa’i  ai hono ngāue’aki ‘o e lea faka’ilonga taimi kuo ‘osi ko e  na’a’ he ‘oku kehe hono pēteni’ ‘ona ia. ‘E fiema’u ia ke hū mai e fo’i lea pe tu’unga kalama  ‘e taha he vaha’a ‘o e na’a’ mo e veape ‘o hangē ko ‘eni: Na’a’ ne mohe. ‘A ia ko e pēteni ia ki ai ko e faka’ilonga taimi + polonauana + veape.  Te tau nofo taha pe heni ki he pēteni ko e veape faka’ilonga taimi. Manatu’i ‘oku mahu’inga ‘i he founga fakafaiako’ ke ako’i pe fo’i mo’oni pe feki (fact) ‘e taha ‘i he taimi ‘e taha ki he taha ako’. Ka ‘i ai pe ha’ane ua, pea ‘oku ‘uhinga pe ke fakamatala’i ke mahino lelei ‘a e mo’oni pe fact  tefito’. Hangē pe ko hono ako’i fakataha ‘o e veape’ mo e faka’ilonga taimi’. Ko e ongo feki ia ‘e ua ko e faka’ilonga taimi mo e veape ka ‘e mahu’inga pe ke ako’i fakataha kinaua heni kae lava ke mahino lelei ‘a e fakakaukau ‘o e pēteni veape faka’ilonga taimi’.

Fakatātā eni ‘o e veape taimi kuo ‘osi’: Na’e ‘alu. In English: went

Fakatātā eni ‘o e veape taimi haohaoa’: Kuo  ‘alu. In English: has/have/had gone

Fakatātā eni ‘o e veape taimi kaha’u’: ‘E ‘alu. Fakatokanga’i ange ‘oku ‘i ai ‘a e vitiō mo e fakamatala makehe ki he  lea faka’ilonga taimi kaha’u ko e te ‘a ia ‘oku  kehe hono pēteni ‘ona ia. ‘E fiema’u ia ke hū mai e fo’i lea ‘e taha he vaha’a ‘o e te’ mo e veape’ ‘o hangē ko ‘eni: Te ne mohe. ‘A ia ko hono pēteni ‘o na ko e . Lea faka’ilonga taimi + polonauna + veape.

Anga hono ngāue’aki ‘o e ‘ekisasaisi 80

Ko e ako ‘eni ki he veape pe ko e lea ‘oku’ ne tala ha ngāue ‘oku fakahoko ‘e taha hangē, ko e lele, luelue pe hiva. ‘Oku ‘i ai ‘a e me’a mahu’inga ke ako’i fakataha ma’u pe mo e veape’ ‘a ia ko e taimi’ pe taimi na’e hoko ai ‘a e fo’i ngāue’. ‘Oku fakakalakalasi ‘a e taimi ‘o e veape’ ki he konga lalahi ‘e fā. Ko e taimi lolotonga, taimi kuo ‘osi, taimi haohaoa mo e taimi kaha’u. ‘Oku kehe ‘a e veape fakaTonga’ mei he veape ‘Ingilisi’. Ko e veape fakaTonga’ ‘oku ‘ikai toe liliu hono lea’ ‘oka liliu ‘a e taimi ‘oku hoko ai’ mei he taimi lolotonga, ki he taimi kuo ‘osi pe taimi haohaoa ki he taimi kaha’u. ‘Oku tupu ‘eni mei he ‘uhinga he ko e veape fakaTonga’ ‘oku tala hono taimi hoko’ ‘e he me’a ‘oku ui ko e lea faka’ilonga taimi. ‘I he taimi lolotonga’ ‘oku ngāue’aki ‘a e lea faka’ilonga taimi ko e ‘oku, na’e ki he taimi kuo ‘osi, kuo ki he taimi haohaoa’ pea ‘e pe te ki he taimi kaha’u.  ‘Oku kehe ia mei he ‘Ingilisi’ ‘i he ‘ū me’a ‘e ni’ihi. Hangē ko ‘en. Ko e veape ‘Ingilisi’ ‘oku tala ‘a hono taimi ‘i he taimi lahi  ‘e he  liliu ‘a e lea ‘o e veape’. Hangē ko e walk pe walks ‘oku taimi koeni ia, pea taimi kuo ‘osi ‘a e walked, taimi haohaoa ‘a e have, has pe had walked pea taimi kaha’u leva ‘a e will walk.

Ko e fa’ahinga kehekehe ‘enii ‘oku mahu’inga  ke ako’i  ‘a e veape fakaTonga’ ke ‘alu fakataha ma’u pe mo hono lea faka’ilonga taimi’ tautefito ki he taimi ‘oku liliu ai mei he veape ‘Ingilisi’ ki he veape fakaTonga’. Fakatatā ki he veape ‘Ingilisi ko e accept ‘a ia ‘oku taimi lolotonga ia. Ko e faka’ilonga taimi faka-Tonga ki he taimi lolotonga’ ko e ‘oku. Ko ia ai ‘e fakaTonga’i leva ‘a e accept ko e ‘oku tali. Ko e lea ko e accepted ‘oku taimi kuo ‘osi pe past tense ‘i he lea ‘Ingilisi’. ‘E faka-Tonga’i ia ko e na’e tali. Ko e taimi haohaoa’ ‘e pehē ia kuo tali, pea ‘i he taimi kaha’u’ ‘e pehē ia ‘e tali. ‘Oku ‘oatu ‘a e tapou heni ke fakamama’o mei hono liliu faka-Tonga’i ‘a e veape ‘Ingilisi’ ‘o ‘ikai tānaki ki ai ‘a e faka’ilonga taimi’ koe’uhī kae lava ke kakato ‘a e fakakaukau ‘o e tense pe taimi ‘o e veape’ ko ha konga mahu’inga ‘i hono fakahinohino ‘o e founga ki he lea mo e tohi ‘i he ‘Ingilisi’ mo e Tonga’.

Anga hono ngāue’aki ‘o e ‘ekisasaisi ‘i lalo’

‘Oku ou tui kuo’ ke ma’u he taimi’ ni ha mahino fe’unga ke ke fakamatala’i’aki ‘a e veape’ ki ho’o fānau’ ‘i he fakakaukau faka-Tonga’ mo e ‘Ingilisi.  Tau foki mai ki he ‘ekisasaisi ko ‘eni’. Muimui ki he fakamatala ‘i he vitioo’ mo e pēteni ki he fa’u sētesi, koloasi (clause) pe feleisi (prase) ‘oku ne fakahinohino mai’. Hili ho’o ma’u ‘a e fakahinohino ko ia he vitioo’ kataki ‘o ngāue’aki leva ‘a e tēpile ‘i lalo’ ke ne fakalahi ‘a e ‘ilo ‘a ho’o fānau’.

Fakatātā ki he vitiō 70. Ko e sīpinga sētesi ‘oku ngāue’aki ai’  ko e  fo’i lea faka’ilonga taimi ko e te, tānaki ki ai mo e polonauna tokoua ko e na, tānaki ki ai mo e  tokoni veape ko e lolotonga pea fakamulituku’aki ha fo’i veape. Pe ko e faka’ilonga taimi ko e [ te, + polonauna tokoua ko e na, +  tokoni veape ko e lolotonga + veape].  Fakatātā ki heni: Te na lolotonga lālanga. In English: They will be weaving. Sai sio ki he tēpile ‘uluaki ’ ‘i lalo’. Ko e tēpile ia ‘o e veape’ mo hono ngaahi fōtunga mo e taimi fakahoko kehekehe. ‘Alu ki he kōlomu  fika H ‘o  ngāue’aki ia ke ako’i ki ho’o fānau’ ‘a e pēteni ko eni kuo tau toki fakamatala’ ni ki ai, [faka’ilonga taimi ko e te, + polonauna tokoua ko e na, +  tokoni veape ko e lolotonga + veape].  Fakatātaa: Te na lolotonga lālanga. In English: They will be weaving. Hoko atu leva koe ki he kōlomu H ‘o ngāue’aki ‘etau pēteni ‘i ‘olunga’ ka ke fetongitongi ‘a e veape’ mei he fika 1 ki he 20.

Lau ‘e koe fa’ē pe tamai ‘a e hoko atu ‘o hangē ko e pehē: Te na lolotonga li’aki. In English: They will be abandoning. Te na lolotonga ‘ave fakamālohi.  In English: They will be abducting. Fai ‘eni hangē pe ha lau liunga’ pea toutou lau ‘oua ‘e ‘ai tu’o taha pe. Manatu’i ‘oua te ke toe fakalahi pe fakasi’isi’i ‘a ‘etau pēteni pe te ke toe fakamatala ha me’a kehe mei he veape mo hono taimi kaha’u lolotonga