Ko e polonauna katinolo’

Ko e polonauna’ pe fetongi nauna’ ‘oku ‘uhinga ki he lea ‘oku’ ne fakafofonga’i pe fetongi ‘a e nauna’ ‘i he sētesi’ pe kupu’i sētesi (clause pe koloasi). ‘Oku ‘i ai leva ‘a e ngaahi tefito’i polonauna ‘i he lea faka-Tonga’ ‘oku ui ko e Cardinal Pronouns. ‘Oku ‘uhinga ‘eni ‘oku ‘i ai mo e ngaahi polōnauna kehe hangē ko e polonauna posēsivi pe possessive pronouns ‘a ia ‘oku toe vahevahe iiki hifo ia kau ai ‘a e Subjective mo e Objective Possessive Pronouns. Ka ‘oku nau fakatefito kotoa pe he Cardinal Pronouns pea ko e me’a ia ‘oku ui ai pe ‘a e polonauna ko ‘eni ‘i he tēpile ‘i lalo’ ko e Cardinal Pronouns.

Cardinal Pronouns

Preposed Form and Postposed Form

  1. ‘I he tēpile ‘i lalo’ ‘oku ‘i ai ‘a e preposed † ‘uhinga ia ko e ha’u ‘i mui he veape’ (‘o hoko ko e sapuseki) lolotonga ia ko e postposed ‘oku ‘uhinga ko e ha’u ‘i mui ‘i he veape pe hili ha nounal pr prenominal predicate pr hili ha peleposisini.
  2. Ko e preposed pronoun ‘oku tatau ia mo e nominative he ‘Ingilisi ko e I, mo e We, Ko e polonauna postposed leva ‘oku tatau ia mo e I pe We, pe to me pe us fakatatau ki he fiema’u ‘a e ‘Ingilisi’
Preposed Postposed
1 exc. S ou,ku,u,kau I au
D. ma we (two)* kimaua
P mau we (three or more)* kimautolu
1 inc. S ne One, I kita
D ta we (two)† kitaua
P tau we(three or more) † kitautolu
2nd S ke you (one) thou koe
D mo you (two) kimoua
P mou you (three or more) kimoutolu
3rd S ne he, she, it ia
D ne they (two) kinaua
P nau they (three or more) kinautolu
*Excluding you

† Including you

 

To’o hangatonu ‘eni mei he Tohi Kalama ‘a Dr C.M.Churchward